Operators and Control Structures in Python (Complete Beginner Guide) Part 1

 

Operators and Control Structures in Python (Complete Beginner Guide)

 

After learning about variables and data types, the next step in programming is understanding how to perform operations and how to control the flow of a program. This is where operators and control structures play an important role.

What are Operators?

 

Operators are symbols that are used to perform operations on variables and values. They help us in calculations, comparisons, and logical decisions in a program. The variables and values are called operands.

For example:

x = 10

y = 5

print(x + y)

Here, "+" is an operator that adds two values.

Types of Operators in Python

➤ 1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are those operators that are used to perform mathematical

Operators	Meaning	Examples
+	Addition	5+3=8
-	Subtraction	5-3=2
*	Multiplication	5*3=15
/	Division	6/3=2
%	Modulus(Remainder)	5%2=1
**	Power	2**3=8
//	Floor Division	5//2=2

👉 Example:

1.    a = 10, b = 2

  print(a * b)

 

2.    For Addition

num1=10, num2=20

sum=num1+num2

print(“Sum is:”,sum)

Output:

Sum is 30

 

3.    For Subtraction

Num1=20, Num2=10

Sub=Num1-Num2

print(“Subtraction is:”,sub)

Output:

Subtraction is 10

 

➤ 2. Comparison Operators (Relational Operators)

Comparison Operators are those operators that are used to compare two values.

Operators	Meaning
==	Equal to(Check if both values are equal)
!=	Not equal
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal
<=	Less than or equal

 

·       These operators return True or False

Example:

c=100, d=150

print(c==d)                    #False

print(c!=d)                     #True

print(c<d)                      #True

print(c>d)                      #False

print(c<=d)                    #True

print(c>=d)                    #False

➤ 3.Assignment Operators

 Assignment operators are used to assign value to variables.

Operators	Examples
=	x=5
+=	x+=2
-=	x-=2
*=	x*=2
/=	x/=2

Example:

a=10

print(a)

a+=20

print(a)

➤ 4. Logical Operators

These are type of operators that are used to combine two or more conditions. There are basically three types of logical operators:

             1.    And : gives true when both conditions must be true

2.    Or : gives true when at least one condition is true

3.    Not(!) : reverses the condition

 Example:

1.    Val1=True, Val2=False

result=val1 and val2

print(result)

Output:

False

 

2.    x = 10

          print(x > 5 and x < 20)

          Output:

          True

 

What are Control Structures?

 

Control structures decide how a program runs step by step and in which way a control executes the program. They exactly control the flow of execution based on conditions or repetitions.

Types of Control Structures

There are three main types of control structure

1.     Conditional Structure

2.    Iteration or Loop structure

3.     Sequence or Selection Structure

Click here for part 2:  Operators and Control Structures in Python (Complete Beginner Guide) Part 2

Variables and Data Types in Python (Complete Beginner Guide)